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The cuneiform bad, bat, be, etc. sign is a common multi-use sign in the mid 14th-century BC Amarna letters, and the ''Epic of Gilgamesh''. In the Epic it also has 5 sumerogram uses (capital letter (majuscule)). From Giorgio Buccellati (Buccellati 1979) 'comparative graphemic analysis' (about 360 cuneiform signs, nos. 1 through no. 598E), of 5 categories of letters, the usage numbers of the ''bad'' sign are as follows: Old Babylonian Royal letters (71), OB non-Royal letters (392), Mari letters (2108), Amarna letters (334), Ugarit letters (39).〔Buccellati, Giorgio, (Ugarit-Forschungen 11, 1979). ''Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian'', pp. 95-100, Graph, p. 96.〕 The following linguistic elements are used for the ''bad'' sign in the 12 chapter (Tablets I-Tablet XII) ''Epic of Gilgamesh'':〔Parpola, 197l. ''The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh'', Sign List, pp. 155-165, sign no. 069, p. 156.〕 :bad (not in Epic) :bat :be :mid :mit :sun :til :ziz sumerograms: :BE :IDIM :TIL :ÚŠ :ZIZ The following usage numbers for the linguistic elements of sign ''bad'' in the Epic are as follows: ''bad'', (0 times), ''bat'', (61), ''be'', (16), ''mid'', (7), ''mit'', (8), ''sun'', (1), ''til'', (11), ''ziz'', (8), ''BE'', (2), ''IDIM'', (2), ''TIL'', (1), ''ÚŠ'', (2), ''ZIZ'', (1).〔Parpola, 197l. ''The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh'', Sign List, pp. 155-165, sign no. 069, p. 156.〕 Instead of a large horizontal, as seen in the (digitized form, but one type of "bad") , the sign is seen in the Amarna letters as composed of two opposite facing (triangles), the wedges. It can be seen here (), Amarna letter EA 153-(lines 153:4, 11), for ''"King-Lord-mine"'', "LUGAL, Be-li-ia", or Be-lí-ia", where "bēlu" is Akkadian for "lord".〔Parpola, 197l. ''The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh'', Glossary, pp. 119-145, bēlu, for lord, owner, p. 122.〕 ==Literature examples== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bad (cuneiform)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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